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| Ilustrasi : Pixabay.com |
Speakers are one of the favorite devices for listening to music, and give us a separate experience and atmosphere when we watch movies or play games,
to make speakers we need to know in advance the functions and components in it, the following is how to make or assemble our own speakers:
1. Speaker
The following are some types of speakers:
- Tweeter
Tweeter is a type of speaker that emits the highest sound frequency (treble) such as the sound of clinking bells and so on.
- Midrange
Is a speaker that emits mid-frequency sounds that usually function for vocal sounds
- Woofer and Subwoofer
Woofer is a speaker that emits low frequencies for Bass sounds or booming sounds
While the Subwoofer is a speaker that emits a lower frequency sound than the Woofer has a deeper Bass.
- Fullrange
Fullrange emits sound frequencies from high to low, usually these speakers are used for outdoor speakers because they have a long range.
- To see the type of speaker we can see from the sponge / rubber edge of the speaker leaf, usually Fullrange has a 3-striped edge and the woofer has a fairly thick curved or concave rubber edge.
The rim is usually made of rubber or foam.
2. Amplifier
Amplifiers function to amplify the sound signal issued through the speakers, this sound comes from a cellphone, laptop or other device, the amplifier can change the sound characteristics if it has an equalizer or tone control.
Amplifiers generally have several types or classes but this time I only discuss Amplifiers Class A / B and Type D which are the most widely used.
Difference between Class A/B and Class D Amplifiers:
- Class A/B amplifiers require more power than Class D (so it can be said that Class D is more power efficient / requires less power)
- Class A/B amplifiers use Travo and an AC power source while Class D uses a DC Adapter
- Class A/B amplifiers have a more detailed and clearer sound than Class D which usually has vocal sounds or high sounds that are not very clear.
- Class D amplifiers emit less heat and cost less.
Amplifiers are also different - there are Mono and Stereo, some have Aux, Rca, even Bluetooth connections, we can also add these modules to amplifiers that do not have them.
Example of Class D Amplifiers :
- Yamaha yda 138 12w stereo
- Pam 8610 15w stereo
- Pam 8043 5 w stereo
- Tpa 3110 150w mono
- Tpa 3116d2 50w and Subwoofer 100w
- Wuzhi MT 21 / Wuzhi BT 21 50w and Subwoofer 100w dll
3. Crossover
The crossover is useful for dividing high, medium and high sound frequencies, (so if we are going to assemble speakers, especially tweeters, if you don't use a crossover, add a 4.7 uF / 50 volt nonpolar elco so that the tweeter is not damaged).
There are passive and active crossovers, passive crossovers are very easy to assemble than active crossovers but active crossovers have much better sound quality.
- The 2 way crossover divides the high and low sounds (tweeter with Bass)
- 3 way crossover divides high, mid and low sound (Tweeter, Mid and Bass)
4. Box
Speaker box to make a box we can use Mdf boards, wood or Pvc boards, the box itself is divided into 2, namely Sealed / closed and Ported / open hole boxes,
- Closed Box has clearer sound details but the drawback is that the Bass sound is less long and if the Bass is too tight it can damage the speaker leaf.
- The open hole box has a little distortion but has a longer bass.
5. Other Components
1.Cable
in connecting speakers, try to use a special speaker cable instead of a cable for electricity because it has a smaller ohm (impedence / resistance) size even though the distance of the speaker from the amplifier is far away and produces better sound,
Also note the thickness of the cable for the woofer or subwoofer usually requires a thicker cable than the mid speaker or tweeter. the thickness of this cable is called AWG.
for cable type use a fiber cable and not a single cable. and make sure when connecting the + (plus) and - (minus) poles not to be reversed.
2.Circuits
- in connecting speaker cables we can use Series and Parallel circuits or a combination of the 2.
- Series Circuit
- Has a small resistance, making the amplifier not hot but has a small power.
- Parallel Circuit
- Has a large resistance, makes the amp hotter but has great power
When choosing a circuit also note the safe limit on the amplifier how many ohms, usually there are 4 ohms, 8 ohms and others,
because for example if we force a speaker with a resistance of 2 ohms to 4 ohms (which has a greater resistance) it can cause the amplifier to heat up quickly and be quickly damaged.
How to calculate resistance or ohms:
- For Series Circuits
just add it up
for example 2 speakers 4 ohms in series then the value is 4 + 4 = 8 ohms
- For Parallel Circuits
we must divide the ohm value by the number of speakers
for example 2 speakers 4 ohms in parallel then the value is 4:2 = 2 ohms
-Specifically for parallel circuits If the value is not the same we can add and multiply the ohm value and then divide it
for example there are 2 speakers:
Speaker A = 8 ohms and Speaker B = 4 ohms
then how to calculate:
8+4 = 12 and 8x4 = 32 then divide the value times the value added so the result is
32:12 = 2.7 ohms
3. Module
We can add modules that can be added to the amplifier such as
- Tone control : to adjust the treeble, mid, bass and subwoofer
- Converter : to change from Aux to Rca or Mic
- Bluetooth : can connect with Bluetooth connection
Examples of Bluetooth modules that can be used:
- XY WRBT
- VHM- 314
- XY- BT MINI
- there is also a Bluetooth that has FM Radio
If you have difficulties in assembling, we can use separate power on bluetooth and amplifiers, then just connect the Aux cable on the amplifier to the Aux hole on the Bluetooth module.
- HOW TO ASSEMBLE SPEAKERS
Below I use an amplifier that already has a tone control and bluetooth so we don't need to assemble it.
Material :
- Wuzhi MT 21 2x50w + 100w amplifier (1 piece)
- 24V 5 Ampere adapter (1 piece)
- Jbl Charge 4 Speaker Used 3ohm 30w (1 piece)
- Jbl 4 Flip Speaker Used 4ohm 10w (2 pieces)
- LG 4 inch Woofer Speaker 4ohm 50w (1 piece)
- Bass Radiator 5 inch (1 piece)
- Bass Radiator 4 inch (1 piece)
- Cube Acoustic 16 awg Speaker Cable (±3 meters)
- 24 awg Vocal Speaker Cable (±4 meters)
- Used Speaker Box (2 pieces)
- Black component box (2 pieces)
- Solder + Tin
- Screwdriver Plus Small
How to Assemble:
1. Make holes in the box as needed, here I made holes in 2 component boxes of 2 inches and 1 used speaker box of about 2x3 inches in an oval shape. we can use a drill but here I use solder.
2. Install the speaker in place, I installed the jbl flip speaker driver to the component box and the jbl charge 4 driver to the speaker box that I had perforated the oval and the LG speaker to the 4 inch speaker box.
3. Solder the speaker cables and also pay attention to the pluses and minuses, usually I install the plus pole with a red cable and the negative pole with a black cable.
Because I use LG and Jbl Charge Speakers for Subwoofers, I use 16 Awg cables (for maximum power) and use a series circuit, namely 4 + 3 ohms = 7ohms (so that the amplifier is durable and does not heat up quickly).
and the 2 inch jbl flip speaker I connect with a 24 awg cable for vocals.
4. I also added 2 Bass Radiators to maximize Bass because it only uses a small speaker driver, for Box speakers with LG Speakers I installed a 5 inch Bass Radiator and box speakers with Jbl Charge speakers I fitted a 4 inch Bass Radiator.
5. Arrange the box then connect the plus and minus cables to the MT 21 Amplifier, L and R for the Jbl Flip 4 Speaker each by 4 ohms and Sub for the combined LG and Jbl Charge 4 by 7ohms.
This is just an assembled speaker that I built myself and many of the components used are second-hand.
Thankyou I hope it's useful
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